Il volume descrive le pratiche di dialogo e gestione dei conflitti nella regione saheliana del Burkina Faso, dove l'Union Fraternelle des Croyants, una ONG multi-confessionale, ha avviato una collaborazione proficua tra le comunità musulmane e cattoliche per promuovere lo sviluppo del territorio. E' delineato un quadro della variegata società burkinabè attraverso la sua storia, la sua composizione etnica e religiosa, un'analisi delle problematiche in atto e dei metodi di gestione del conflitto a disposizione dei cittadini. Il Burkina Faso può infatti rappresentare un esempio positivo di coabitazione pacifica tra etnie e religioni, nonostante le sue difficili condizioni climatiche ed economiche.
This paper looks at the effects of Islamization and colonialism on women in Hausaland. Beginning with the jihad and subsequent Islamic government of ‘dan Fodio, I examine the changes impacting Hausa women in and outside of the Caliphate he established. Women inside of the Caliphate were increasingly pushed out of public life and relegated to the domestic space. Islamic law was widely established, and large-scale slave production became key to the economy of the Caliphate. In contrast, Hausa women outside of the Caliphate were better able to maintain historical positions of authority in political and religious realms. As the French and British colonized Hausaland, the partition they made corresponded roughly with those Hausas inside and outside of the Caliphate. The British colonized the Caliphate through a system of indirect rule, which reinforced many of the Caliphate’s ways of governance. The British did, however, abolish slavery and impose a new legal system, both of which had significant effects on Hausa women in Nigeria. The French colonized the northern Hausa kingdoms, which had resisted the Caliphate’s rule. Through patriarchal French colonial policies, Hausa women in Niger found they could no longer exercise the political and religious authority that they historically had held. The literature on Hausa women in Niger is considerably less well developed than it is for Hausa women in Nigeria. This paper serves as an inquiry into the types of questions that need to be explored in future research on gender issues in Nigerien Hausaland.
Ce livre réunit pour la première fois la totalité des textes chantés au cours d'une cérémonie d'initiation ('girkaa') au culte de possession 'bòorii' des Hausa de la région de Maradi au Niger. La cérémonie dont traite le livre a eu lieu entre le 6 et le 14 novembre 1979 à Aderawa, petit village de 500 habitants, à 5 km au sud de Maradi. Chaque chant n'apparaît que dans une forme plus ou moins abstraite. Bien que chaque vers puisse être répété plusieurs fois, il ne figure dans ce livre qu'une seule fois. De même, seuls les vers chantés pas le 'mài gòogee' (soliste) sont reproduits; les autres joueurs se contentent dans la plupart des cas d'une répétition du texte proposé par le soliste. Les textes sont présentés en hausa avec une traduction française.
Nach einer kürzen Überblick über dan Staat (Teil I), folgt einer detaillierte Untersuchung der Provinz Gobir (Teil II und III). Der Verfasser beschäftigt sich dabei mit zwei Fragestellungen: wie verlaufen die Beziehungen zwischen staatlicher Verwaltung und Bauern? Wie wird den Bauern eine autonome Agrarkultur von einer islamisch-urbanen Kultur abgelöst? Bei der erste Frage konzentriert er seine Untersuchung auf die unterste Ebene, bei der Verwaltung und Bauern in unmittelbaren Kontakt zueinander treten. Die Herrschenden kommen dabei nur soweit ins Blickfeld, als sie auf den Bauern unmittelbar einwirken. Alle Angaben beziehen sich auf der Zeit vor dem Militärputsch (15.4.1947). Ebenfalls nicht berücksichtigt sind die heute weit wichtigeren Uran-Exporte. 6 Anhänge: Feldforschung - Hausa-Glossar - Preislieder - Das Budget von Bauernhaushalten - Das ökonomische System der Heiratsgeschenke - Die Kommerzialisierung des Bodens.
Hitherto studies of the Tuaregs have concentrated on the nomads of the north to the neglect of their southern brethren of Mali and Niger who have contributed most to the spread of Islamic culture and institutions. Their share in the foundation of towns like Timbuctoo, in the transmission of ideas particularly from Mamluk Egypt, their mystic lodges and their scholars played a key role in the penetration of Islam into the remote regions of the Southern Sahara. This is a comprehensive account of the history and spread of Islamic culture through the medium of the sacerdotal 'caste' of the Ineslemen, from the Arab conquests of the 7th century to the golden age of Tuareg scholarship in the 15th and 17th centuries. Tuareg history is brought up to date with an account of their resistance to the French and their present status in Niger after their severe sufferings in the recent Sahelian droughts. By detailed examination of the literary sources, talking and living with Tuareg scholars, the author is able to place the contribution of these devoted adherents of Islam in its true setting. This book is important for Islamists Africanists, Anthropologists and all those who wish to understand the achievements of this unique people.
